La bibliothèque de la Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme a définitivement fermé ses portes le 30 septembre 2020 pour rejoindre le Grand Équipement Documentaire (GED) du campus Condorcet.
Ainsi, 223 billets plus tard, l’aventure de ce carnet s’achève.
Nous sommes ravis d’avoir partagé notre veille avec vous !
En route vers le GED !
L’équipe de Digital Library
Meroño-Peñuela, Albert [et al.]. Ontologies in CLARIAH: Towards Interoperability in History, Language and Media. [Submitted on 6 Apr 2020 (v1), last revised 31 Jul 2020 (this version, v2)]. arXiv:2004.02845v2
One of the most important goals of digital humanities is to provide researchers with data and tools for new research questions, either by increasing the scale of scholarly studies, linking existing databases, or improving the accessibility of data. Here, the FAIR principles provide a useful framework as these state that data needs to be: Findable, as they are often scattered among various sources; Accessible, since some might be offline or behind paywalls; Interoperable, thus using standard knowledge representation formats and shared vocabularies; and Reusable, through adequate licensing and permissions. Integrating data from diverse humanities domains is not trivial, research questions such as “was economic wealth equally distributed in the 18th century?”, or “what are narratives constructed around disruptive media events?”) and preparation phases (e.g. data collection, knowledge organisation, cleaning) of scholars need to be taken into account. In this chapter, we describe the ontologies and tools developed and integrated in the Dutch national project CLARIAH to address these issues across datasets from three fundamental domains or “pillars” of the humanities (linguistics, social and economic history, and media studies) that have paradigmatic data representations (textual corpora, structured data, and multimedia). We summarise the lessons learnt from using such ontologies and tools in these domains from a generalisation and reusability perspective.
Source : arXiv:2004.02845v2
Cordell, Ryan, LC Labs. Machine Learning + Libraries: A Report on the State of the Field. 2020-07-14. https://labs.loc.gov/static/labs/work/reports/Cordell-LOC-ML-report.pdf
[…] The goal was to provide a wide-ranging view into the current applications and practices of applying machine learning in libraries and other cultural heritage organizations. It draws on and references the report by the Project Aida team included below and on the outcomes from the Machine Learning + Libraries Summit hosted by LC Labs in September 2019.
Source : https://labs.loc.gov/static/labs/work/reports/Cordell-LOC-ML-report.pdf
Source :
Féret, Romain, Bracco, Laetitia, Cheviron, Stéphanie, Lehoux, Elise, Arènes, Cécile, & Li, Ling. (2020, April 21). Améliorer les chances de succès de son projet ANR grâce à la Science Ouverte (Version 1). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3741666
Ce guide a une visée pratique pour accompagner les chercheurs dans la prise en compte des enjeux de la Science Ouverte dans chacune des sections de leur proposition détaillée, mais il n’est pas :
Un recueil de phrases ou paragraphes tout rédigés, à copier-coller dans les propositions des projets.
Un document à appliquer dans son intégralité sans considération pour les spécificités des projets.
Un document validé par l’ANR qui remplace ou contredit la politique et les règles présentées par l’ANR dans ses documents officiels.
Lire la suite : https://zenodo.org/record/3741666
Schöpfel Joachim. Penser local : développer une politique de données sur un campus SHS. Revue ouverte d’ingénierie des systèmes d’information, vol.1, n°1. 2020/03/10. https://www.openscience.fr/Penser-local
Dans le cadre du Plan national pour la science ouverte, la structuration et le partage des données de recherche font désormais partie des priorités de la politique scientifique de la France. Chaque établissement et chaque organisme scientifique doit se doter d’une politique de la science ouverte et mettre en place un ensemble de services et dispositifs pour la gestion des données de la recherche. A partir d’enquêtes sur le terrain, l’article propose une feuille de route pour la mise en oeuvre d’une telle politique sur un campus universitaire en sciences humaines et sociales. Dix principes indiquent des pistes pour la gouvernance et le pilotage de cette politique, pour déterminer les priorités de développement et d’investissements, et pour faire le lien avec les infrastructures de recherche, dont notamment Huma-Num. Il s’agit d’une démarche bottom-up, qui met l’accent sur les pratiques et besoins des chercheurs et qui place les chercheurs au coeur d’une politique institutionnelle dans le domaine des données de recherche.
Source : https://www.openscience.fr/Penser-local
Kettani, Fabienne (coord.). Analyse du besoin : Visa TM, Vers une infrastructure de services avancés de text mining. 2017/2019. (Etude). 2019-10-31. https://visatm.inist.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Etude_Analyse_du_besoin.pdf
Le projet Visa TM vise à étudier les conditions de mise à disposition de services de fouille de textes pour les chercheurs français. En effet, la fouille de textes est devenue ces dernières années un sujet d’importance dans le sillage du mouvement pour la science ouverte mais si ses enjeux sont importants pour la recherche et si le projet européen OpenMinTeD a posé les jalons d’une première approche en proposant une infrastructure dédiée, il reste à initier une démarche similaire à un niveau national.
Source : https://visatm.inist.fr/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Etude_Analyse_du_besoin.pdf
Nickels, Colin, and Hilary Davis. 2020. “Understanding Researcher Needs and Raising the Profile of Library Research Support”. Insights 33 (1): 4. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.493
Researchers at North Carolina State University expect little to no difficulty in discerning how their Library can support their work. At the same time, librarians repeatedly find that researchers are unaware of what our Library has to offer. Within this context, we embarked on a two-year study to help inform the development of outreach strategies to enable new research engagement opportunities that will scale and, at the same time, help us transform our model of research support strategies and engagement. We interviewed both librarians and researchers to gain an understanding of researcher needs from both perspectives. The results of the interviews provided a solid grounding for building our awareness of researchers’ behaviors, expectations and workflows as well as presenting a unique picture of both unmet and unarticulated needs. In this article we summarize our results with a specific focus on findings from the researcher interviews. We share our recommendations for evolving library research support and enhancing outreach strategies to provide an easier starting point for different types of researchers to discover relevant research assets provided by libraries such as ours.
Source : http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.493
Mérindol, Jean-Yves. L’avenir de l’édition scientifique en France et la science ouverte : Comment favoriser le dialogue ? Comment organiser la consultation ? 24 janvier 2020. Rapport remis à Frédérique VIDAL Ministre de l’enseignement supérieur, de la recherche et de l’innovation. https://www.enseignementsup-recherche.gouv.fr/cid148896/les-pouvoirs-publics-et-l-edition-scientifique-en-france.html
Depuis un peu plus de trois cents ans, les découvertes scientifiques sont rendues publiques par la publication d’articles dans des revues spécialisées ou via des monographies savantes. Les éditeurs
– en France comme à l’étranger – ont joué ici un rôle historique fondamental.
L’accès au savoir et à la culture s’est considérablement modifié ces trente dernières années sous l’influence cumulée de changements technologiques (numérisation, réseaux, web) et sociaux
(développement mondial de la science).
Manco, Alejandra The Use of Social Networking Sites for Scholarly Communication by Emergent Social Scientists: An Affordances Approach. Young Information Scientist, 2019, vol. 4, pp. 17-30. https://doi.org/10.25365/yis-2019-4-2
Objectives — This study aims to explore how early career social sciences researchers and PhD social science students use social networking sites for science communication in Brazil. The central research question is what are the motives and rationale of the researchers for using social networking sites for academic communication. Two sub-questions arise from here: How do these reasons relate to scientific practices and the academic system of Brazil? And which are the main affordances perceived by researchers? Methods — This study is empirically oriented, building upon case studies in Brazil. It makes use of a review of affordances of social media platforms, applying the review to the study of social media as a theoretical foundation. The methodological approach is qualitative, using both interviews and netnography as research methods. Results — The primary motivations for using different Social Networking Sites (SNSs) are all related to connectivity: communication with peers—and, to a lesser degree, to the public and the research participants, updating themselves about their research interests, dissemination of research, checking availability of papers, self-branding, and participation in interest groups. These motivations translate into cross-posting practices and integrated communication strategies—combining online and offline elements—on the different platforms. The main affordances perceived by researchers in this study were related to social affordances or, in other words, social capital processes: availability, scalability, visibility, and multimediality. Conclusions — SNSs have not yet replaced traditional communication channels in the case of early career social science researchers because the academic evaluation systems do yet not include them. The use of SNSs changes according to the affordances early career social sciences researchers see (or fail to see) for each platform. This study identified observable differences according to a researcher’s field of expertise and level of comfort with particular platforms.
Source : https://doi.org/10.25365/yis-2019-4-2
Hrynaszkiewicz I. (2019) Publishers’ Responsibilities in Promoting Data Quality and Reproducibility. In: . Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_290
Scholarly publishers can help to increase data quality and reproducible research by promoting transparency and openness. Increasing transparency can be achieved by publishers in six key areas: (1) understanding researchers’ problems and motivations, by conducting and responding to the findings of surveys; (2) raising awareness of issues and encouraging behavioural and cultural change, by introducing consistent journal policies on sharing research data, code and materials; (3) improving the quality and objectivity of the peer-review process by implementing reporting guidelines and checklists and using technology to identify misconduct; (4) improving scholarly communication infrastructure with journals that publish all scientifically sound research, promoting study registration, partnering with data repositories and providing services that improve data sharing and data curation; (5) increasing incentives for practising open research with data journals and software journals and implementing data citation and badges for transparency; and (6) making research communication more open and accessible, with open-access publishing options, permitting text and data mining and sharing publisher data and metadata and through industry and community collaboration. This chapter describes practical approaches being taken by publishers, in these six areas, their progress and effectiveness and the implications for researchers publishing their work.
Source : https://doi.org/10.1007/164_2019_290
Lowenberg, Daniella, Chodacki, John, Fenner, Martin, Kemp, Jennifer, & Jones, Matthew B. (2019). Open Data Metrics: Lighting the Fire (Version 1). Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3525349
Research data is at the center of science. To realize the benefits of open data sharing practices and the impact of research data, we need a practical implementation of tools and community buy-in that will aid in the development of data metrics. We will benefit the most if our community-developed standards, tools, and services are guided by a shared direction and vision for a future of open, transparent, and trusted data metrics.
Approaches towards this future state must remain researcher-focused, have easily understandable motivations, and be easily implementable. In this book, we describe the journey towards open data metrics, prompting community discussion and providing implementation examples along the way.
Gregory, Kathleen. LIBER Webinar: Finding and Reusing Research Data. 14/11/2019. https://libereurope.eu/blog/2019/11/18/webinar-video-data-curation-from-a-practical-perspective/
Sharing research data is a practice that is increasingly encouraged by funders, institutions, and research communities.
Policies, tools and training programmes are being developed to assist researchers and data providers to make data available in a way that optimizes data findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability (i.e. according to the FAIR principles). One of the promises driving both data sharing and policy development is that shared data can and will be discovered and reused; but are users (researchers, librarians, students) discovering this data? And if they are finding them, (how) are they reusing them?
In this webinar, organised by LIBER’s Research Data Management Working Group, Kathleen Gregory presented an overview of recent research investigating how researchers and librarians engage in practices of finding, understanding and reusing research data. She provided tips for finding research data and an opportunity for attendees to consider what this research means for developing services at their own organizations.
Gregory, Kathleen. LIBER Webinar: Finding and Reusing Research Data. 14/11/2019. https://libereurope.eu/blog/2019/11/18/webinar-video-data-curation-from-a-practical-perspective/
Cridford, Thomas J. Cataloguing, knowledge and power. Journal of Radical Librarianship, 2019, vol. 5, pp. 61-83. http://eprints.rclis.org/39172/
This paper seeks to unpick the changing perceptions of the concepts contained in its title and investigate some of the relationships between them. It does this by exploring the history of modern cataloguing from the mid 1800s to the present day. It is argued that over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries cataloguing developments took place predominantly in the library world and, understood through the principles of European Enlightenment thought, catalogues were perceived to provide the public with access to external knowledge and thus empower them. It then identifies technological, cultural and ideological developments in the twentieth century, notably the rise of ‘postmodernism’, as challenges to both the primacy of library catalogues and the tradition of Enlightenment thought within which they were conceived. Finally, it argues that corporate digital companies are now at the forefront of cataloguing and explores the way in which the public have become the subject of these catalogues. Drawing upon Foucauldian theory, it is suggested that rather than allowing knowledge and power to flow to the public these catalogues enable corporate and government bodies to hold it over the public and use it to influence their lives in unprecedented ways.
Source : http://eprints.rclis.org/39172/
